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- LETTERS, Page 9Farewell to History
-
- The belief of State Department policy planner Francis
- Fukuyama that history has reached an "end" and that Western
- liberal democracy is the "final form of human government" only
- shows his myopic view of civilizations (IDEAS, Sept. 4).
- Cultures and countries go through repetitive political stages,
- democracy being but one form. There were primitive democracies
- in the ancient Near East that turned tyrannical and oligarchic.
- Even ancient Athens, the "pillar of democracy," had its tyrants
- and ruling oligarchs, before and after flirting with democratic
- structures.
-
- Mark R. Horowitz Homewood, Ill.
-
- Fukuyama reminds me of the commissioner of the U.S. Office
- of Patents who claimed in 1899 that everything that could be
- invented had been invented. Liberal democracy is no more the
- "final, rational form of society and state" than was the
- monarchical form and its "divine right." Fukuyama would have us
- believe that world history has simply been a game of ideological
- musical chairs and the music has stopped. But history will not
- "end," because every so often individuals arise who radically
- change it, add more chairs and start the music again.
-
- Paul Gregory Grand Rapids
-